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UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA. 

t        oiR-r  OR 


Received 
Accession  No.ff  /  6  ,  .    Class 


B101JOGY 
LIBRARY 

G 


NATURAL  HISTORY  SERIES— BOOK  FIRST. 


BOOK  OF 

CATS    AND    DOGS 

AND 

OTHER  FRIENDS, 
FOR  LITTLE  FOLKS. 


BY  JAMES   JOHONNOT, 


NEW  YORK  •  :  •  CINCINNATI  •  :  •  CHICAGO 
AMERICAN    BOOK     COMPANY. 


BIOLOGY 

LIBRARY 

G 


COPYBIGHT,    1884, 

BY  D.  APPLETON  AND  COMPANY. 


WHY   AND   HOW. 


CHILDREN  love  pets  ;  they  never 
tire  of  stories;  and  they  are  de- 
lighted with  jingle  and  the  fun  of 
l\  incongruity.  Mother  Goose  reigns 
supreme  in  the  fairy-land  of  in- 
fancy. Through  these  loves  the 
little  opening  minds  may  be  led 
to  careful  observation,  comparison,  and  descrip- 
tions— steps  at  once  necessary  to  mental  growth, 
and  leading  up  to  the  portals  of  science.  By  in- 
sensible degrees,  play  may  be  made  to  merge  in 
study,  and  fun  take  on  the  form  of  fact. 

Upon  these  ideas  of  the  basis  and  method  of 
thought,  this  little  work  has 
been  constructed.  A  few  famil- 
iar nursery-rhymes  serve  to  con- 
nect the  present  with  the  past 
thought  of  the  child.  The  pet 
of  the  household  —  the  cat  —  is 
studied.  From  the  obvious  in 
structure  and  movement,  the  mind  is  led  to  see 
relations,  and  the  adaptations  of  structure  to  func 


WHY    AND    HOW.—  (Continued.) 


tions  and  outward  conditions.  As  each  new  ani- 
mal is  introduced,  the  study  goes  on  by  compari- 
sons, showing  resemblances  and  differences,  and 
pointing  toward  scientific  classifications. 

This  and  kindred  works  will  be  of  little  use, 
however,  if  the  lessons  stop  with  the  book.  The 
whole  intent  of  the  method  is  to  incite  to  a  study 
of  the  animals  themselves — the  matter  in  the  book 
directing  attention,  arousing  interest,  and  serving 
as  a  guide  to  observation. 

An  endeavor  has  been  made  to  present  the 
pleasant  side  of  animal  life.  To  this  end  the 
affection,  the  intelligence,  and  the  uses  of  our 
servants  and  friends  have  been  dwelt  upon,  and 
ideas  of  violence  have  received  but  a  passing 
notice.  That  we  should  be  kind  to  animals  is  a 
necessary  inference  from  observed  relations,  and 
this  obviates  the  necessity  of  a  formal  exhortation 
or  a  cut-and-dried  moral. 

As  a  reader,  this  book  is  designed  to  supple- 
ment the  regular  reader  of  the  grade.  Common 
and  familiar  language  is  used,  but  no  effort  has 
been  made  to  reduce  the  expressions  to  baby -talk, 
or  to  construct  halting  sentences  with  words  of 
three  or  four  letters  only. 


LESSON  PAGE 

The  Cat  and  the  Fiddle 9 

Mother  Hubbard  and  her  Dog 10 

I.  What  the  Cat  Does 11 

II.  The  Grateful  Cat 13 

III.  What  the  Cat  Wears 15 

Who  Stole  the  Apples  ? 17 

IV.  Patch  and  the  Mouse 18 

Tommy  and  the  Chickens 20 

V.  How  the  Cat  Moves 21 

VI.  Daisy  and  her  Plays 23 

VII.  How  the  Cat  Eats 25 

VIII.  Old  Tom  and  the  Eagle 27 

IX.  How  the  Cat  Sees 29 

X.  Miss  Muffet  and  Fluffy 31 

Fluffy  and  the  Mouse 33 

XI.  How  Dogs  Behave 35 

XII.  How  Nero  Saved  his  Master 37 

XIII.  How  Dogs  Look 39 

XIV.  How  Mungo  Did 41 

XV.  How  Dogs  Use  their  Feet 43 

XVI.  The  Dog  and  the  Shadow— A  Fable 45 

The  Boot-black  and  his  Dog. 46 


8  CONTENTS.—  (Continued.) 


1TOSON  PAOB 

XVII.  How  Dogs  Use  their  Jaws 47 

XVIII.  Lupo  and  Tiny 49 

XIX.  How  Dogs  See  and  Smell 51 

XX.  Puff  and  the  Baby 53 

Puff  and  the  Rat 55 

XXI.  How  the  Horse  Looks. 57 

XXII.  The  Horse  and  his  Friends 59 

XXIII.  How  the  Horse  Eats 61 

XXIV.  How  the  Pony  got  Shod 63 

XXV.  What  the  Horse  Does 65 

XXVI.  What  the  Horse  can  Do 67 

XXVII.  How  the  Horse  should  be  Treated 89 

XXVIII.  How  the  Donkey  Looks 73 

XXIX.  What  the  Donkey  Does 75 

XXX.  What  the  Donkey  can  Do 77 

Strangfi  Doings 79 

XXXI.  How  the  Cow  Looks . .  81 

XXXII.  What  Cattle  Do 83 

XXXIII.  What  Cattle  are  Good  for 85 

XXXIV.  How  the  Sheep  Looks  and  Lives 87 

XXXV.  The  Ways  of  the  Sheep 89 

XXXVI.  About  Goats 91 

XXXVII.  About  Pigs 93 

The  Little  Piggie  Wig 95 


THE  CAT  AND   THE  FIDDLE. 


HEY,  diddle,  diddle, 
The  cat  and  the  fiddle, 
The  cow  jumped  over  the  moon ; 
The  little  dog  laughed 
To  see  the  witch-craft, 
the  dish  ran  away  with  the  spoon 


MOTHER  HUB  BARD  AND  HER  DOG 


OLD  Mother  Hubbard 
Went  to  the  cupboard, 

To  get  her  poor  dog  a  bone ; 
But  when  she  got  there, 
The  cupboard  was  bare, 

And  so  the  poor  dog  had  noua 


LESSON     I. 


11 


WHAT  THE  CAT  DOES. 


1.  COME,  Jessie  !   put  your  kitty  up  in  the  cra- 
dle, and  take  a  good  look  at  her.     She  looks  very 
pleasant.     Can  you  tell  us  anything  about  her  ? 

2.  Yes !  the  other  day  I  saw  her  come  out  of 
the  barn  with  a  mouse  in  her  mouth. 

3.  She  would  lay  the  mouse  down  and  let  it 
run  a  little  way,  and  then  would  pounce  upon  it 
and  catch  it  again. 

4.  By-and-by  she  got  tired  of  playing  with  it, 
and  then  she  bit  off  its  head  and  ate  it  up. 


12  LESSON     1  .—  (Continued.) 


5.  One  day  I  saw  her  creep  slyly  along  the 
ground  and  spring  upon  a  little  bird ;  but  it  flew 
away  out  of  her  reach.     In  a  little  while  I  heard 
it  sing  up  in  a  tree. 

6.  I  was  glad  that  she  did  not  catch  the  bird, 
but  she  looked  sorry.     When  she  catches  birds,  I 
think  she  is  a  naughty  pussy;  but  perhaps  she 
does  not  know  any  better. 

7.  I  like  to  hear  her  purr,  and  have  her  rub 
against  my  hand,  for  then  she  is  good  and  ready 
to  play,     It  is  great  fun  to  see  her  run  round  after 
her  tail. 

8.  But  sometimes  she  growls  and  looks  cross, 
and  then  I  am  afraid  to  touch  her  for  fear  she 
will  scratch  me. 

9.  When  she  is  hungry  she  comes  and  mews 
until  she  gets  something  to  eat.     Some  cats  will 
jump  upon  the  table  and  steal  meat,  but  my  kitty 
knows  better. 

10.  She  does  not  like  dogs.    One  day  a  strange 
dog  came  into  the  yard  and  barked  at  her. 

11.  Then  her  back  came  jip,  her  fur  stood  out 
straight,  and  she  growled  and  spit  at  him. 

12  When  he  tried  to  bite  her,  she  gave  him  a 
scratch  m  both  sides  of  his  nose,  and  ran  up  a  tree 
out  of  his  reach. 


LESSON     II. 


13 


THE  GRATEFUL   CAT. 


1.  A  LADY  tells  this  pretty  story  of  how  a  cat 
showed  its  thanks  to  a  kind  friend  who  had  helped 
it  in  distress : 

2.  While  living  in  a  country  place,  one  day 
the  cat  ate  some  rat-poison,  but  not  enough  to 
kill  it.     It  was  very  ill,  and  cried  like  a  little 
child.     Its  pain  and  heat  were  so  great  that  it 
would  dip  its  paws  in  water  to  cool  them,  though 
cats  nearly  always  keep  away  from  the  water. 

3.  At  last  it  went  to  the  lady,  and,  mewing 
and   looking   up   to   her  in  a  most  pitiful  way, 
seemed  to  ask  for  help.     The  lady  took  the  poor 
thing  in  her  arms,  and  tried  in  all  ways  she  could 
think  of  to  relieve  it. 


14  L  E  S  S  O  N     I  I  .—  (Continued.) 


4.  She  bound  it  up  in  cool,  wet  cloths,  and 
gave  it  medicine  and  gruel,  and  took  care  of  it  all 
day  and  night.     The  cat  was  soon  better,  and  after 
a  day  or  two  it  was  as  well  as  ever ;  and  this  was 
the  way  it  took  to  show  how  thankful  it  was  to 
the  lady  for  her  kindness  : 

5.  One  night,  after  she  had  gone  up-stairs,  she 
heard  a  mew  at  the  window;  and,  upon  opening 
it,  there  was  the  cat  with  a  mouse  in  its  mouth. 

6.  It  had  climbed  up  a  tree  that  grew  against 
the  house,  and,  when  the  window  opened,  it  came 
in  and  laid  the  mouse  at  the  lady's  feet.     It  rubbed 
against  her,  and  purred  loudly,  as  if  it  said,  "  See 
what  a  fine  mouse  I  have  brought  you ! " 

7.  The  cat  thought  a  mouse  tke  best  of  all 
things,  and   this   best  it  gave  up  for  itself,  and 
brought  to  its  best  friend,  the  lady. 

8.  This  she  did  for  a  long  time  every  day,  and 
when,  afterward,  she  caught  mice  for  her  kittens, 
one  mouse  was  laid  aside  for  the  lady.     If  the  kit- 
tens tried  to  eat  this,  she  gave  them  a  little  pat,  as 
if  she  said,  "  That  is  not  for  you." 

9.  After   a   while   the   lady  would   take   the 
mouse,  and  thank  puss  with  a  pleased  look  and  a 
kind  tone,  and  then  give  it  to  the  kittens,  the  cat 
looking  on  well  pleased  while  they  ate  it. 


LESSON     I  I  I. 


WHAT  THE  CAT   WEARS. 


1.  COME,  Jes- 
sie, take  your  cat  in 
your  lap  and  look  at  her 
again.      Can  you   tell   some- 
thing more  about  her  ? 

2.  Yes  !     Pussy  has  a  thick  coat  of 
soft  fur  to  keep  her  warm,  so  that  she 
can  run  out  of  doors  in  cold  weather. 

3.  She  does  not  need  to  have  clothes 

like  ours,  and  mamma  does  not  ever  have  to  mend 
her  coat.  Her  fur  all  grows  one  way,  and  it  is  so 
thick  that,  when  it  rains,  the  water  runs  off  and 
does  not  wet  her  skin  unless  it  rains  hard. 

4.  She  likes  to  have  me  stroke  her  from  her 
head  down,  but  she  does  not  like  to  be  rubbed  the 


16  LESSON     I  I  I.—  (Continued.} 


other  way.     I  know  for  one  that  it  hurts  more  to 
have  the  hair  pulled  up  than  down. 

5.  She  has  long  whiskers  on  each  side  of  her 
mouth  and  nose,  and  some  folks  call  them  smell- 
ers.     This   is  what   I   read  about  them   in   the 
«  Cat's  Picture-Book  ": 

6.  "  I  dare  say  you  have  seen  a  cat  stick  his 
whiskers  out  straight  on  each  side  of  his  face.     Let 
us  see  what  he  does  it  for. 

7.  "Have  you  not  seen  a  cat  creep  through  a 
hole  that  seemed  too  small  for  him  ?     I  have,  and 
I  used  to  wonder  why  he  did  not  stick  fast. 

8.  "But  Tom   knows  what  he  is  about.     He 
comes  to  the  hole  and  spreads  out  his  whiskers,  and 
if  they  can  get  through  without  touching,  he  knows 
there  is  room  for  his  body,  and  so  he  goes  on." 

9.  Pussy's  ears  are  large  and  stand  up  straight, 
so  that  she  can  hear  the  least  nibble  of  a  mouse,  or 
the  sly  tread  of  a  rat. 

10.  She  has  paws  on  her  fore  legs  which  she 
uses  like  hands.     Her  paws  have  each  five  toes, 
but  her  hind  feet  have  only  four  toes  each.     Some 
few  cats  have  more  toes  on  each  foot. 

11.  Dogs  wag  their  tails  when  they  are  pleased, 
but  pussy  waves  hers  from  side  to  side  when  the 
boys  plague  her,  and  she  is  angry. 


WHO  STOLE  THE  APPLES? 


"  WHO  stole  the 
apples  ? " 


"  I,"  said  dog  Snow — "  to  play  with,  you  know ; 

I  stole  the  apples." 

"  Who  saw  him  steal  ? " 

u  I,"  said  the  cat — "  mewed  '  Snow,  don't  do  that : 

Don't  steal  the  apples.' " 


IS 


LESSON     IV. 


PATCH  AND   THE  MOUSE. 


1.  PATCH  was  a  fine  old 
cat  that  lived   in   a  farm- 
house, and  looked  after  all 
the    rats    and     mice    that 
came  about.    She  wanted  to 
visit   all  the   rooms 
where    there   were 
mouse-holes;  so  she 
learned   to    open 
doors    for     her- 
self. 

2.    When 
she  wanted 
to  go  out, 
she  would 
jump  up 
and 


LESSON     I  V .—  (Continued.)  1 9 


hold  on  to  the  handle  of  the  door  with  one  paw, 
and  with  the  other  raise  the  latch ;  then  she  would 
drop  down  and  push  the  door  open. 

3.  One  evening,  as  the  lady  of  the  house  was 
sitting  at  the  fire  before  the  candle  was  lit,  Patch 
came  into  the  room  with  a  live  mouse,  and  began 
to  play  with  it. 

4.  The  mouse  watched  his  chance  and  ran  into 
the    bedroom,   the   door   of    which    stood    open. 
Patch  followed,  but  could  not  catch  him. 

5.  Pretty  soon  the  cat  came  out  of  the  bed- 
room in  a  great  hurry.     She  went  to  the  lady  and 
mewed,  and  then  went  to  the  candle  and  back  sev- 
eral times.     The  lady  thought  the  cat  acted  queer- 
ly,  and  at  last  she  got  up  and  lit  the  candle. 

6.  Patch    started   off    for   the    bedroom,  and 
looked  back  and  mewed,  as  if  asking  the  lady  to 
come  also.     The  lady  took  the  candle  and  went  in 
to  see  what  was  the  matter. 

7.  The  cat  at  once  went  up  to  a  curtain,  put 
up  her  paw  as  far  as  she  could  reach,  and  touched 
it.     The  lady  shook  the  curtain,  and  down  dropped 
the  mouse,  which  Patch  caught  at  once.     Mousey 
had  run  up  the  curtain  out  of  reach,  and  so  Patch 
went  and  got  the  lady  to  come  and  help  her  catch 
it. 


TOMMY  AND   THE  CHICKENS. 


1.  TOMMY  was  a  famous  mouser,  and  lie  kept 
the  house  clear  of  rats  and  mice.     He  would  catch 
birds,  but  lie  never  ran  after  the  chickens. 

2.  The  hens  were  shy  of  him  at  first,  but  they 
became  used  to  him  and  would  scratch  just  the 
same  while  he  was  about.     One  day  he  was  taking 
a  nap  on  the  grass,  and  the  chickens  mounted  upon 
his  back  and  head,  as  you  see  in  the  picture. 

3.  This  was  too  much  for  Tom ;  so  he  got  up 
and  went  upon  the  porch  to  finish  his  nap,  where 
the  chickens  would  not  disturb  him. 


LESSON     V. 


HOW  THE   CAT  MOVES. 

1.  Now,  Jessie,  look 
at  your  kitty's  feet  and 
see  if  you  can  tell  us 
how  slie  can  catch  mice 
and  birds  so  easily. 

2.  I  will  try.    Pussy  has  long  and  sharp  claws, 
but  they  are  drawn  back  into  her  foot,  so  I  cannot 
see  them. 

3.  The  bottoms  of  her  feet  are  covered  with  a 
thick  skin,  so  that  it  does  not  hurt  her  to  walk 
over  stones  and  rough  places. 

4.  When  I  feel  of  her  feet,  I  find  that  the  bot- 
toms  are  soft,  so  that  kitty  is  able  to  move  about 
without  making  a  noise. 

5.  When  she  is  hunting,  she  creeps  along  so 
quietly  that  the  mouse 

does  not  hear  her  until 
she  is  so  near  that  she 
can  spring  upon  it. 

6.  Then   her   sharp 
nails  come  out,  as  you 
see  in  this  picture,  and 
the     little     mouse     is 

caught  by  his  coat  and  cannot  get  away. 


22  LESSON     V.—  ( Continued.) 


7.  I  see  that  the  nails  upon  her  hind  feet  are 
not  so  sharp  as  those  on  the  front  ones.     She  does 
not  catch  mice  with  her  hind  feet,  and  so  only  the 
nails  of  her  fore  feet  need  be  very  sharp. 

8.  When  pussy  runs  up  a  tree,  her  sharp  nails 
hold  on  to  the  bark,  and  she  uses  her  hind  claws 
as  well  as  the  fore  ones.     This  is  what  I  read  in  a 
book  a  little  while  ago  about  a  cat's  claws,  and  I 
thought  it  very  strange : 

9.  "The  claws  of  a  cat  grow  very  fast,  just 
as  our  nails  do,  and,  if  the  cat  did  not  rub  them  off, 
they  would  grow  so  long  that  she  could  not  use 
them.     So,  when  the  cat  feels  that  her  nails  are 
getting  too   long,  she    scratches    something   hard 
until  she  wears  them  down  to  the  right  length. 

10.  "  You  have  seen  the  cat  stretching  up  and 
scratching  the  side  of  the  door  or  a  tree :  this  is 
the  way  she  has  of  paring  her  nails." 

11.  When  pussy  is  angry  or  afraid,  her  sharp 
claws  come  out  of  her  foot,  and  she  makes  ready 
to  scratch. 

12.  My  pussy  knows  that  a  dog  is  stronger  in 
the  jaws  than  she  is ;  and  so,  when  a  strange  dog 
comes  about,  she  gives  him  a  scratch  with  both 
her  paws,  and  then  gets  into  some  safe  place  as 
soon  as  she  can. 


LESSON     VI. 


23 


DAISY  AND  HER  PLAYS. 


t.  WHEN  Nellie  was  a  little  girl,  she  had  a 
present  of  a  pretty  white  kitten,  which  she  named 
Daisy,  and  the  two  soon  became  good  friends. 

2.  While  Nellie  was  at  breakfast,  the  kitten 
would  sit  at  her  side,  and  once  in  a  while  it  would 
reach  up  and  touch  Nellie's  elbow,  as  if  it  said, 
"  It  is  my  turn  now."     When  Nellie  walked  out, 
Daisy  went  along  like  a  little  dog,  and  at  night 
she  had  a  soft,  warm  bed  by  Nellie's  side. 

3.  Little  girls  used  to  come  and  play  with  Nel- 
lie, and  Daisy  always  took  a  part,  and  seemed  to 


24  LESSONVI  .—  (Continued.) 


enjoy  the  fun  as  much  as  the  children  did.  One 
of  the  games  was  hide-and-seek,  and  this  Daisy 
soon  learned  to  play  as  well  as  the  best  of  them. 

4.  After  this,  at  any  time  when  Nellie  would 
hide  and  call  "  coop/'  the  kitten  would  jump  up 
and  look  about  until  it  found  her. 

5.  When  Daisy  grew  up  and  had  a  kitten  of 
her  own,  she  taught  the  young  one  the  game  she 
had  learned.     The  kitten  would  go  and  hide  and 
give  one  mew,  and  the  old  cat  would  search  in 
every  corner  of  the  room  until  she  found  it. 

6.  Sometimes  the    mother-cat  would  pretend 
not  to  see  the  kitten  when  close  to  its  hiding- 
place,  and,  when   the   kitten   jumped  out,  Daisy 
would  start  back  as  though  scared,  just  as  children 
often  do. 

7.  Then  the  two  would  roll  over  each  other, 
and  race  about  and  have  a  great  romp  together. 


LESSON     VII. 


ROW  THE  CAT  EATS. 


1.  THIS  time,  Jessie,  I  wish  you  would  tell  us 
something  about  the  mouth  of  your  cat,  if  you  are 
not  afraid  she  will  bite  you. 

2.  No  !  my  kitty  will  not  bite  me ;  she  knows 
I   will   not   hurt   her.     Come,  pussy,  open   your 
mouth  and  let  me  take  a  good  look  at  it. 

3.  I  see  four  long  teeth  in  the  front  part  of  her 
mouth.     The  two  on  the  upper  jaw  are  the  larger, 
but  the  two  on  the  under  jaw  are  the  sharper. 

4.  When  she  shuts  her  jaws,  these  teeth  would 
easily  go  through  the  skin  and  flesh  of  a  rat  or 
mouse,  and  very  likely  would  break  its  bones. 

5.  Between   these   long   teeth  in  front  I  can 
count  six  funny  Httle  teeth  on  each  jaw.     They 


26  LESSONVII  .—  (Continued.) 


are  too  small  to  be  of  much  use.  Back  of  her  long 
teeth  I  can  see  three  or  four  on  each  jaw,  and 
these  are  sharp  and  stand  up  like  saw-teeth. 

6.  When  pussy  licks  my  hand,  I  can  feel  that 
her  tongue  is  rough,  and  this  is  what  I  read  about 
it  in  my  cat-book : 

7.  "The   cat's   tongue   is   covered  with  little 
hooks,  all  pointing  backward,  so  that  when  the 
food  is  in  her  mouth,  the  rough  tongue  helps  her 
swallow  it.     With  this  rough  tongue  she  laps  up 
milk,  licks  the  plate  clean  when  she  is  fed,  and 
licks  the  meat  off  from  bones. 

8.  "  The  dog's  jaws  are  strong,  so  he  crushes 
bones  and  eats  the  meat,  bones  and  all ;  but  the 
cat's  jaws  are  not  strong  enough  for  that,  so  she 
gets  the  meat  off  with  her  rough  tongue." 

9.  My  pussy  keeps  clean  by  licking  her  fur,  the 
hooks  on  her  tongue  brushing  the  dirt  off.     It  is 
funny  to  see  her  wash  her  neck.     She  first  licks 
her  paw  and  makes  it  wet,  and  then  she  reaches 
up  to  her  neck  and  uses  her  paw  like  a  brush. 

10.  The  old   mother-cat  licks  her  kittens  all 
over,  and  keeps  them  clean  before  they  can  do  it 
for  themselves.     She  uses  her  jaws  to  carry  her 
kittens  about  before  they  can  walk.     She  takes 
them  up  carefully  by  the  nape  of  their  necks. 


LESSO  N    VIII. 


OLD   TOM  AND   THE  EAGLE, 


1.  I  WILL  now  tell  you  a  story  of  a  cat  that 
made  good  use  of  his  claws  and  teeth. 

2.  In  a  country  place  by  the  sea-shore  an  old 
eagle  used  to  sail  around  in  the  air  looking  for 
something  to  eat. 

3.  If  she  saw  a  rabbit  or  a  hare,  or  a  little 
lamb  or  kid,  she  would  pounce  down  and  seize 
it  in  her  strong  claws,  and  fly  away  with  it  to  her 
nest  high  up  among  the  rocks. 


28  LESSONVIII .—  (Continued.) 


4.  The  eagle  became  so  bold  at  last  that  she 
would  swoop  down  and  carry  off  a  chicken  from 
the  farm-yard  close  by  the  house. 

5.  One  day  old  Tom,  the  house-cat,  a  big  old 
fellow,  went  out  to  take  a  walk,  and,  as  the  weather 
was  warm,  he  lay  down  in  the  sun  to  take  a  nap 
near  by  where  the  rabbits  lived. 

6.  This  old  cat  had  done  a  great  deal  of  hunt- 
ing on  his  own  account,  and  was  not  afraid  of  any- 
thing he  had  ever  met. 

7.  The  eagle  saw  Tom  as  he  lay  there  asleep, 
and  thinking  she  had  found  a  nice,  fat  rabbit,  she 
pounced  down  upon  him  and  carried  him  off. 

8.  Tom    awoke    and    found    himself    sailing 
through  the  air  at  a  great  rate,  while  something 
pinched  him  very  unpleasantly  in  the  back. 

9.  He  turned  and  struck  his  sharp  claws  and 
teeth  into  the  eagle,  tore  out  her  feathers,  and  then 
tore  into  her  skin  and  flesh. 

10.  The  eagle  thought  she  had  found  a  queer 
rabbit,  and  tried  to  let  him  go ;  but  Tom  held  on 
and  still  tore  and  bit. 

11.  Soon  the  eagle  began  to  lose  strength  and 
flapped  slowly  downward.      At  last  she  reached 
the  ground  so  badly  torn  that  she  soon  died,  while 
the  cat  ran  off  with  only  a  few  scratches. 


LESSON     IX. 


HOW  THE  CAT  SEES, 

1.  Now,  Jessie,  will  you 
please  tell  us  all  that   you 
have  found  out  about  your 
kitty's  eyes  ? 

2.  Yes!    When  I  looked 
at  my  pussy's  eyes,  in  the 
bright  sunshine,  I  saw  that 
they  are  round  and  yellow, 

with  a  black  streak  in  the  middle  running  up  and 
down. 

3.  The  black  spot  in  the  middle  of  my  eye  is 
round,  and  I  have  read  in  a  book  that  it  is  a  hole 
to  let  in  the  light,  and  is 

called  the  "  pupil." 

4.  The  black  streak  in 
pussy's  eye   is   the    pupil, 
and  it   is   almost   shut  up  ^s 
to    keep    out    the    bright 

light. 

5.  I    looked    into    her 
eyes  last  night  just  before 
dark,   and   the    pupil   was 

large  and  round,  as  is  shown  in  this  picture. 

6.  When  the  pupil   is  opened  so  wide,  more 


SO  LESSONIX .—  (Contin' 


light  is  let  in,  and  pussy  can  see  very  well  when 
it  is  so  dark  I  can  not  see  anything. 

7.  In  this  way,  with  her  big  eyes  open,  she 
sees  and  catches  rats  and  mice  that  come  out  of 
their  holes  in  the  night  to  get  something  to  eat. 

8.  My  kitty  loves  to  sleep  in  the  day-time  on 
the  nice  bed  in  her  basket,  or  on  the  rug  before 
the  fire.     In  summer  she  likes  to  go  out  and  get 
a  nap  on  the  grass  in  the  shade  of  a  tree. 

9.  In  the  night,  when  she  can  see  so  well,  she 
goes  put  to  hunt  and  to  make  visits.     When  visit- 
ors come  to  see  her  in  the  night,  we  often  hear  an 
awful  squalling,  which  I  suppose  is  a  "  cat's  con- 
cert." 

10.  In  cold,  winter  nights,  kitty  mews  to  be 
let  In,  and  she  then  likes  to  curl  up  on  my  bed. 


PUSSY'S  VISIT, 


*  Pussy-cat,  pussy-cat !  where  have  you  been  ? '' 
u  I've  been  to  London  to  see  the  Queen." 
"  Pussy-cat,  pussy-cat !  what  saw  you  there  ? 
"  I  saw  a  little  mouse  under  the  chair." 


LESSON     X. 


MISS  MUFFET  AND  FLUFFY, 


1.  NOBODY   knows   where   Miss   Muffet  came 
from.     She  walked  into  the  kitchen  one  day  and 
took  her  place  by  the  warm  fire,  and  she  has  been 
with  us  ever  since. 

2.  Miss  Muffet  is  a  yellow-and- white  cat.     She 
is  very  quiet ;  but  she  likes  fun  for  all  that,  and 
many  a  play  the  children  have  had  with  her. 

3.  When  pussy  had  been  with  us  about  a  year^ 
we  found  her  one  bright  May  morning  under  the 
hedge  in  the  garden  with  four  tiny  little  kittens. 

4.  We  got  a  basket  and  made  a  nice  bed  for 
them,  and  took  them  into  the  house.     They  grew 


32 


LESSON     X.—  (Continued.) 


up  to  be  playful  kittens ;  but  one  day  poor  Tiny- 
kins  fell  into  a  tub  of  water  and  was  drowned. 

50  We  liked 
Fluffy  the  best ;  she 
looked  so  wise  and 
would  do  such 
queer  things.  We 
found  her  one  day 
sitting  in  front  of 
a  large  open  book, 
and  looking  for  all  the  world  like  a  girl  learning 
her  lessons. 

6.  At  other  times  she  would  sit  all  alone  as  if 
she  were  thinking  over  some  very  serious  matter. 

7.  One  day  we  found  them  all 
in  the  barn,  where  pussy  had  gone 
to  teach  them  to  hunt  mice. 

8.  We  found  that  Miss  Muffet 
had  caught  a  mouse,  and  put  it 
before  the  kitties,  and  Fluffy  was 
just  ready  to  pounce  upon  it  as 
we  came  in.     We  gave  a  great 

shout;  two  of  the  kittens  sprang  back  to  their 
mother,  and  one  rushed  head  first  into  a  large  boot 
that  lay  in  one  corner,  and  the  mouse  got  away. 
Here  is  the  story  in  verse : 


LESSON     X.—  (Continued.)  88 


FLUFFY  AND  THE  MOUSE. 

1.  "  Once  there  was  a  little  Kittie 

Whiter  than  snow ; 
In  a  barn  she  used  to  frolic, 
Long  time  ago. 

2.  "  In  the  barn  a  little  Mousie 

Ran  to  and  fro ; 

For  she  heard  the  Kittie  coming. 
Long  time  ago. 

3.  "  Two  black  eyes  had  little  Kittie, 

Black  as  a  sloe  ; 

And  they  spied  the  little  Mousie, 
Long  time  ago, 

4.  "  Four  soft  paws  had  little  Kittie, 

Paws  soft  as  dough ; 
And  they  caught  the  little  Mousie 
Long  time  ago. 

5.  "  Nine  sharp  teeth  had  little  Kittie, 

All  in  a  row ; 

And  they  bit  the  little  Mousie 
Long  time  ago. 

6.  "  When  the  teeth  bit  little  Mousie 

Mousie  cried  '  Oh ! ' 
But  she  got  away  from  Kittie/ 
Long  time  ago0" 


LESSON     XI. 


HOW  DOGS  BEHAVE. 


1.  Now  that  Jessie  has  told  us  so  much  about 
her  cat,  we  would  like  to  hear  about  a  dog.  John, 
can  you  tell  us  something  ? 


36  LESSON     XI.—  (Co 


2.  Yes !     The   dog  in  this  picture  is  an  old 
watch-dog.     He  is  sitting  by  the  chair,  waiting  for 
his  master,  and  taking  care  that  nothing  is  stolen 
from  the  room. 

3.  Our  old  dog  Rover  is  always  waiting  for 
me  when  I  get  home  from  school,  and  the  way  he 
runs  and  jumps  and  barks,  you  would  think  he 
wanted  to  eat  me  up. 

4.  When  I  throw  a  stick  he  will  run  and  bring 
it  up,  and  if  I  try  to  get  it  he  will  hold  on  and 
growl,  and  pretend  to  be  very  angry ;  but  he  wags 
his  tail  and  winks  at  me,  to  let  me  know  that  he 
is  only  in  fun. 

5.  He  is  a  good  friend  to  our  old  Tabby  and 
her  kittens ;  but  when  a  strange  cat  comes  about, 
away  he  goes  after  her  like  the  wind,  barking 
with  all  his  might.     Then  the  cat  goes  up  the 
nearest  tree  and  spits  at  him. 

6.  When  the  children  are  at  play,  he  follows 
them  about  to  take  care  of  them.     He  will  lie 
down  in  the  shade  and  go  to  sleep ;  but  he  keeps 
one  eye  open,  and  if  anybody  comes  along,  he  is 
up  at  once  to  see  if  anything  is  the  matter. 

7.  He  loves  to  play  with  the  children,  and 
every  day  when  nurse  goes  out  with  the  baby,  she 
gives  him  a  ride  on  old  Rover's  back. 


LESSON    XII. 


'CALI 


37 


JV.ES0  SAVED  HIS  MASTER, 


1.  NERO  was  a  dog  that  slept  in  a  kennel  in 
the  yard  to  keep  watch  in  the  night,  so  that  no 
thieves  would  come  about  and  steal. 

2.  One  night  he  followed  his  master  up-stairs 
to  his  bedroom.     The  servant  turned  him  out ;  but 
he  howled  and  scratched  at  the  door,  and,  when  he 
was  driven  away,  he  soon  came  back. 

30  At  last  his  master,  curious  to  see  what  he 


38  LESSONXII  .—(Continued.) 


Would  do,  ordered  the  door  to  be  opened.  The 
dog  at  once  rushed  into  the  room,  and,  giving  a 
little,  short  bark,  by  way  of  thanks,  he  crawled 
under  the  bed,  as  if  he  meant  to  stay  there. 

4.  The  master   thought  the  dog  acted  rather 
strangely ;  but  he  soon  forgot  all  about  it,  and,  at 
the  usual  time,  went  to  bed. 

5.  In  the  middle  of  the  night  a  great  noise  in 
the  room  woke  the  master,  and  he  got  up  to  see 
what  was  the  matter.     There,  on  the  floor,  was  a 
man  flat  on  his  back,  while  Nero  stood  over  him 
growling  in  a  way  that  said,  "  Lie  still  if  you  wish 
to  keep  a  whole  skin." 

6.  The  man  was  tied  and  taken  to  prison,  and 
he  proved  to  be  a  robber  who  had  come  to  steal 
the  master's  purse,  and  perhaps  to  kill  him. 

7.  What  made  the  dog  leave  his  own  bed  and 
go  up  to  the  room  of  his  master  nobody  knew ;  but 
he  seemed  to  think  that  his  master  was  in  danger, 
and  so  he  went  up  to  help  him. 

80  You  may  be  sure  that  Nero  was  well  treated 
after  this,  and  he  could  sleep  where  he  pleased ; 
but  he  went  back  to  his  kennel,  as  though  he 
knew  it  was  his  place  to  keep  watch  out-of-doors. 

9.  He  lived  to  be  a  very  old  dog,  and  he  had 
the  best  of  care  until  he  died. 


LESSON     XIII. 


39 


HOW  DOGS  LOOK. 


1.  WELL,  John,  we  shall  be  glad  to  hear  some- 
thing more  about  your  dog  to-day. 

2.  Here  is  a  picture  of  Rover  with  a  bird  in 
his  mouth.     He  has  been  trained  to  find  the  game 
that  has  been  shot,  and  bring  it  to  his  master. 
When  he  takes  the  bird  he  is  careful  not  to  bite 
it. 

3.  Rover  has  a  thick  coat  of  long  hair.     It  is 
not  so  fine  as  that  of  a  cat,  but  it  is  enough  to 
keep  him  warm  in  cold  weather. 

4.  The  cat  has  a  round  head,  but  Rover's  head 


4O  LESSONXII  I.— (Continued.) 


is  long  and  Ms  nose  is  blunter  than  that  of  the 
cat.  Rover's  ears  are  a  great  deal  larger  than 
those  of  a  cat,  and  they  hang  down  by  the  side  of 
his  head.  Some  dogs  have  ears  that  stand  up  and 
point  forward. 

5.  My  sister  has  a  little  white  ferrier,  Gyp? 
whose  hair  is  silky  and  much  longer  than  Rover's, 
and  it  hangs  down  over  his  eyes  in  a  very  funny 
way.     He  can  see  very  well  for  all  that. 

6.  Dogs  do  not  hunt  for  rats  and  mice ;  but  if 
a  rat  comes  in  sight  when  Gyp  is  about,  he  gives 
one  bound  and  a  snap,  and  there  is  a  dead  rat. 
When   Gyp  is  asleep,  if  we  call  out  "  rats,"  he 
springs  up  and  rushes  about  as  if  he  were  crazy. 

7.  When  the  cat  is  angry  she  lashes  her  tail 
from  side  to  side,  but  when  the  dog  is  angry  he 
holds  his  tail  out  straight  and  stiff. 

8.  When  the  dog  is  glad  he  wags  his  tail  as 
though   he  would  wag  it  off.     When  the  little 
black-and-tan  dogs  are  very  glad,  you  can't   tell 
whether  the  dog  or  the  tail  wags  most. 

9.  The  cat  does  not  like  to  go  into  the  water, 
but  Rover  likes  nothing  better  than  to  swim  out 
after  a  stick  which  I  have  thrown  in.     In  summer 
he  goes  into  the  water  every  day  to  keep  himself 
cool  and  clean. 


LESSON     XIV. 


41 


WHAT  MUNGO  DID. 


1.  OJSTCE  on  a  time  a  miller  had  a  large  shaggy 
dog  called  "  Mungo."     He  slept  at  the  mill  nights, 
and  took  care  that  no  thieves  came  about. 

2.  He  was  very  fond  of  the  children,  and,  when 
baby  pulled   his   hair  with   both   her  hands,  he 
looked  pleased  and  would  not  let  anybody  know 
how  much  she  hurt  him. 

3.  In  the  morning,  Mungo  would  place  himself 
on  guard  at  the  upper  doorway,  while  the  miller 
went  to  look  after  his  work  in  the  lower  part  of 
the  mill. 

4.  As  soon  as  the  miller  came  up,  Mungo,  with- 
out being  told,  would  start  for  the  house  to  get 


42  LESSON     X  I  V.—  (Continued.) 


his  master's  breakfast.  He  made  two  journeys, 
bringing  a  pitcher  of  milk  and  a  dish  of  oatmeal 
tied  up  in  a  napkin. 

5.  One   morning   there   was   a    flood    in   the 
river,  and  a  little  dog  living  near  by  fell  into  the 
stream  and  was  carried  down  yelping  with  all  his 
might. 

6.  Mungo  was  coming  with  his  master's  break- 
fast, as  usual,  when  he  heard  the  cry  of  the  little 
dog.     He  set  the  dish  down  by  the  side  of  the 
path,  and  dashed  off  down  stream  as  hard  as  he 
could  run. 

7.  When  he  had  got  well  below  the  little  dog, 
he  sprang  into  the  river,  and  swam  out  into  the 
middle  of  the  stream,  just  in  time  to  catch  the 
helpless  dog  as  he  was  swept  down. 

8.  Mungo  seized  him  by  the  neck  in  such  a 
way  as  to  keep  his  head  above  water,  swam  with 
him  safely  to  the  shore,  and  dragged  him  high  and 
dry  out  of  the  water. 

9.  After  shaking  himself,  he  cuffed  the  little 
dog  first  with  one  paw  and  then  with  the  other, 
as  much  as  to  say,  "Now,  you  little  dunce,  keep 
away  from  the  river." 

10.  He  then  went  back  to  where  he  had  left 
the  dish,  and  carried  it  to  his  master  as  usuaL 


LESSON    XV. 


HOW  DOGS   USE  THEIR  FEET. 


1.  TO-DAY,  John,  we  should  like  to  hear  some- 
thing about  the  dog's  feet  and  how  he  uses  them. 
Have  you  something  to  tell  us  ? 

2.  Yes  !     One  way  the  dog  gets  about  is  by 
swimming.      Last  summer  little  Harry  fell   into 
the  river  when  no  one  was  near  by,  and  Rover 
swam  in  and  brought  him  out. 

3.  The  folks  made  a  great  fuss  over  him  then  ; 
but  he  did  not  mind  it,  only  he  seemed  glad  that 
Harry  was  not  hurt. 

4.  I  find  my  dog  has  just  as  many  toes  as  a  cat. 


44  LESSONXV.—  (Continued.) 


His  nails  are  longer  than  those  of  the  cat,  but  not 
so  sharp.  They  are  big  and  strong,  but  he  can  not 
draw  them  back  into  his  foot. 

5.  He  can  not  climb  a  tree,  as  his  nails  are  not 
sharp  enough,  but  he  can  dig  a  big  hole  in  the 
ground  when  he  is  after  a  rabbit  or  a  squirrel. 

6.  The    bottoms  of  his  feet  are  harder  than 
those  of  a  cat,  and  he  can  run  all  day  in  rough 
places  without  hurting  them. 

7.  With  his  hard  feet  and  long  nails  he  makes 
more  noise  when  walking  than  a  cat ;  but  then  it 
is  no  matter,  for  he  does  not  have  to  catch  mice 
and  rats. 

8.  Rover  can  not  open  a  door,  but  he  raises  his 
paw  and  raps  or  scratches  until  somebody  comes 
and  opens  it  for  him. 

9.  Ask  him  to  shake  hands,  and  he  will  hold 
out  his  paw  as  well  as  anybody  can,  though  he 
has  not  learned  which  is  his  right  and  which  is  his 
left  paw. 

10.  When  Gyp  is  hungry,  it  is  funny  to  see 
him.     He   will   whine   a   little,  and  then  sit  up 
straight  and  hold  out  his  paws  like  a  little  beggar. 

11.  Then,  if  you  offer  him  something  to  eat,  he 
sniffs  at  it,  and,  if  he  does  not  like  it,  turns  up  his 
nose  and  goes  off.    He  likes  candy  as  well  as  I  da 


LESSON     XVI. 


THE  DOG  AND   THE  SHADOW -A  FABLE. 


1.  A  DOG  with  a  fine  bone  in  his  month  set 
ont  to  cross  a  stream  on  a  narrow  bridge. 

2.  As  he  was  crossing,  he  looked  into  the  water 
and  thought  he  saw  another  dog  with  a  bone  much 
finer  than  his  own. 

3.  Being  a  very  greedy  dog,  he  dropped  his 
own  bone  and  made  a  snatch  at  the  one  he  saw ; 
and  so,  by  trying  to  rob  another,  he  got  a  good 
ducking  and  lost  his  dinner. 


THE  BOOT-BLACK  AND  HIS  DOG. 


1.  IN  a  great  city  a  man  had  a  place  near  the 
river,  where  he  blacked  boots  and  shoes. 

2.  To  get  more  custom,  he  had  a  little  dog  who 
would  roll  himself  in  the  mud,  and  would  then 
rub  against  the  feet  of  people  as  they  passed  by. 

3.  After  a  time  the  trick  was  found  out,  and 
the  man  and  his  dog  were  sent  away  where  they 
could  make  a  more  honest  living. 


LESSON     XVI  I. 


47 


BOW  DOGS   USE  THEIR  JAWS. 

1.  TO-DAY  we  would 
like  to  find  out  about  a 
dog's  mouth  and  teeth. 
John,   have    you   some- 
thing to  tell  us  ? 

2.  Yes  !  When  play- 
ing    with    Rover,    last 
night,    he    opened    his 
mouth,    and    I    had    a 
good  chance  to  see  what 
was  inside. 

3.  His  teeth  are  like  those  of  the  cat,  only  lar- 
ger and  stronger,  and  his  jaws  are  so  strong  that 
tramps  run  away  when  he  offers  to  bite  them. 

4.  When  Lion,  the  old  bull-dog,  gets  his  grip 
on  anything,  the  only  way  to  make  him  let  go  is 
to  open  his  jaws  with  a  bar  of  iron. 

5.  The  cat  uses  both  its  claws  and  teeth  in 
catching  game ;  but  the  dog  can   bite  so  much 
harder,  that  he  does  not  need  sharp  claws  to  help 
him. 

6.  When  a  dog  eats,  he  swallows  large  pieces 
of  meat  without  chewing,  and  he  will  crush  a  bone 


48  LESSON     XVII  .  -  ( Continued.) 


to  get  all  the  meat  and  the  marrow  inside.  After 
he  has  eaten  off  the  meat,  he  often  swallows  the 
bone. 

7.  His  tongue  is  not  so  rough  as  that  of  a  cat, 
but  he  laps  water  and  milk  with  it,  and  he  loves 
to  lick  the  hands  and  faces  of  his  friends. 

8.  In  summer,  when  it  is  very  warm,  the  dog 
does  not  sweat  as  we  do,  but  he  opens  his  mouth 
and  pants,  and  the  water  runs  off  from  his  tongue. 

9.  When  the  dog  is  well,  his  nose  always  feels 
cool ;  but  if  he  is  ill,  his  nose  gets  warm. 

10.  It  is  funny  to  se'e  how  old  Rover  will  act 
when  some  one  comes  around  whose  looks  he  does 
not  like. 

11.  He  just  stands  up  straight  and  his  hair 
begins  to  rise.     Then  he  raises  his  upper  lip  so  as 
to  show  his  long  teeth,  and  gives  a  very  low  growl. 

12.  Next  he  steps  forward  a  little  and  gives 
two  or  three  short  and  snappish  growls,  and  then 
somebody  would  better  look  out. 

13.  One  day  my  mother  was  coming  up  the 
lane,  and  met  a  tramp,  who  made  a  motion  to  take 
hold  of  her.     Rover  made  one  spring,  and  his  jaws 
snapped.     The  fellow  yelled,  and,  as  he  ran  away, 
he  limped  as  though  he  had  been  hurt.      Since 
then  he  has  not  been  about. 


LESSON    XVI  I  I. 


49 


LUPO  AND   TINT. 


1.  "LuPo"  was  a  very  large  dog  with  a  thick, 
white  coat.     He  was  so  good-natured  and  faithful, 
that  his  master  felt  that  the  children  were  safe 
when  Lupo  was  about. 

2.  In  winter  Lupo  liked  to  stretch  himself  be- 
fore the  fire,  and,  when  he  did  so,  he  took  up  the 
whole  hearth-rug,  and  there  was  no    chance  for 
any  one  else. 

3.  "Tiny,"  the  little  terrier,  liked  the  fire  as 
well  as  Lupo,  but  could  find  no  place  where  it  was 
not  either  too  cold  or  too  warm 


LESSON     XVIII  .—  (Continued.} 


4.  So  she  would  climb  up  on  to  Lupo,  and  use 
him  as  a  bed.     It  was  very  funny  to  see  her  tread 
round  and  round,  as  dogs  do  when  they  make  up 
their  bed,  and  then  nestle  down  into  his  long  hair 
and  go  to  sleep. 

5.  "When  Tiny  had  her  bed  all  right,  she  would 
not  let  Lupo  move.     If  he  stirred,  she  would  fly 
at  his  head  and  bark  and  growl  in  a  most  spiteful 
way. 

6.  Then,  if  he  did  not  stop  at  once,  she  would 
bite  his  long  ears,  and  Lupo  would  sink  back  and 
lie  as  quiet  as  a  lamb. 

7.  When  out  following  the  carriage,  Lupo  did 
not  seem  to  notice  little  dogs,  and,  when  a  half 
dozen  at  once  set  upon  him,  he  just  shook  them 
off  and  kept  on  his  way. 

8.  But   he   was  not   always   so  good-natured. 
When  a  big  dog  came  in  his  way,  he  seemed  to 
feel  that  it  was  a  duty  to  whip  him. 

9.  There  would  be  a  growl  and  a  snap,  and 
away  would  go  the  other  dog  over  Lupo's  head, 
with  a  piece  of  his  hide  gone  or  some  of  his  bones 
broken. 

10.  As  Lupo  could  not  be  broken  of  this  habit, 
whenever  he  went  out  his  master  would  put  a 
muzzle  on  him  so  he  could  not  bite. 


LESSON     XIX. 


HOW  DOGS  SEE  AND  SMELL. 


1.  I  THINK  John  has  something  new  to  tell  us 
about  his  dog  to-day.     Let  us  listen  to  him. 

2.  I  have  looked  at  my  dog's  eyes,  and  I  find 
that  the  pupil  is  round,  like  mine,  and  it  does  not 
shut  up  into  a  streak,  as  in  a  cat. 

3.  The  dog  does  not  see  so  well  in  the  night 
as  a  cat,  but  his  sense  of  smell  is  much  more  keen. 

4.  My  uncle  has  a  pointer-dog  named  "  Grouse," 
and  one  day  I  went  out  with  them  to  hunt  quails. 


LESSON     X     X.—  (Continued.) 


5.  Grouse  would  run  all  about  until  lie  smelled 
the  birds,  and  then  he  would  creep  along  a  little 
way  and  stand  still  with  his  nose  pointing  for- 
wardo 

6.  My  uncle  would   then  come   up  with   his 
gun,  and,  when  he  was  ready,  the  dog  would  go 
slowly  forward  scaring  the  birds  up,  when  uncle 
would  shoot  them. 

7.  In  this  picture  we  see  a  dog  pointing  quails 
among  the  reeds.     The  birds  hear  him,  and  are 
just  ready  to  fly. 

8.  A  dog  will  follow  the  track  of  his  master 
for  a  long  distance,  and  hounds  will  follow  the  track 

of  a  wolf  or  a  fox  or  a 
bear,  so  that  the  hunt- 
er can  come  up  with 
it  and  kill  it. 

9.  Rover  is  a  good 
watch-dog,  and,  if  he 
hears  or  smells  any 
body  about  in  the 
night,  he  makes  a  great 
racket. 
10.  He  knows,  too,  where  the  other  animals 

belong,  and,  if  a  cow  or  a  pig  gets  into  the  garden 

or  yard,  he  goes  and  drives  it  out. 


LESSON     XX. 


B3 


PUFF  AND   THE  BABY. 


1.  PUFF  was  a  tiny  little  terrier  and  a  great 
pet.     He  came  by  his  name  from  a  way  he  had  of 
making  a  great  fuss,  and  getting  out  of  breath 
about  nothing.     Baby  was  crazy  to  get  hold  of  him, 
and,  when  she  saw  Puff,  she  would  wriggle  out  of 
any  one's  arms  to  get  to  him. 

2.  The  children  needed  only  say,  "  Baby,  Puff 
is  coming,"  when  she  would  give  a  crow  of  delight, 
and  out  went  her  little  arms,  fingers,  and  legs,  all 
working  together. 

3.  But  Puff's  hair  was  long  and  his  skin  ten- 
ier,  and,  when  baby's  fingers  got  hold  of  him,  his 
howls  were  dreadful,  and  he  never  got  away  with- 
out leaving  some  of  his  coat  in  baby's  fingers. 


LESSON     XX  .—  (Contiw 


4.  One  day  baby  was  asleep  on  the  sofa,  and 
Puff  thought  it  was  a  good  time  to  look  at  her, 
now  that  he  could  do  so  without  fear.  It  was 
funny  to  see  him  creep  along,  peering  into  the 
little  sleeping  face,  but  ready  to  start  back  in  a 
moment. 


5.  He  went  closer  and  closer,  until  his  little 
cold  nose  touched  baby's  mouth,  when  she  woke 
with  a  sudden  start,  threw  out  her  two  little  fat 
hands,  and  seized  him  by  the  whiskers. 

6.  Puff  pulled  and  howled  and  backed  off  the 
sofa,  dragging  the  baby  after  him ;  but  she  fell  on 
top  of  him,  and  was  not  hurt 


55 
PUFF  ANT)   THE  RAT. 

1.  WHEN  Puff  would  lie  quite  still  out  of  doors, 
with  his  nose  pointed  one  way  for  a  long  time,  the 
children  knew  what  was  the  matter. 

2.  There  was  a  rat  somewhere  about,  and  Pufl 
had  seen  him  go  into  his  hole  and  was  watching 
for  him  to  come  out. 

3.  The  boys  would  get  a  spade  and  begin  to 
dig,  and,  when  they  had  got  in  a  little  ways,  Puff 
would  take  the  matter  into  his  own  hand,  and  dash 
into  the  hole. 

4.  His  little,  short  paws  would  make  quick 
work,  and  he  would  dig  in  until  even  the  tip  of 
his  tail  could  not  be  seen. 

5.  Then  a  squeak  would  be  heard,  and  Puff 
would  back  out  with  a  rat  in  his  mouth,  which  he 
knew  what  to  do  with  to  prevent  being  bitten 
himself. 

6.  He  would  fling  the  rat  into  the  air,  and,  as 
it  would  come  down,  he  would  catch  it  by  the  nape 
of  its  neck,  give  it  a  shake  or  two,  and  it  was  dead. 

7.  How  proud  he  was  then !     He  would  lay 
the  rat  down  in  different  places  to  see  where  it 
would  look  best,  and  then  he  would  carry  it  round 
to  each  one  in  the  house,  until  somebody  took  him 
and  scrubbed  the  dirt  off,  so  he  was  fit  to  be  seen. 


LESSON    XXI.  87 


HOW  THE  HORSE  LOOKS. 

1.  HEEE  we  have  the  picture  of  a  boy  and  a 
pony.      The   boy  is   taking  a  ride;    but  he   has 
stopped,  and  seems  to  be  waiting  for  some  one. 

2.  Now  we  must  find  out  something  about  the 
horse,  and,  Charlie,  I  think  you  can  tell  us  what 
we  wish  to  know. 

3.  I  can  tell  something  how  a  horse  looks  and 
what  he  can  do,  for  we  have  horses  at  home,  and 
I  help  take  care  of  them. 

4.  The  horse  is  much  larger  than  the  cat  or 
dog.     His  home  is  in  the  stable,  and  he  does  not 
come  into  the  house,  as  they  do. 

5.  His  head  is  long,  and,  when  he  puts  his  nose 
to  the  ground,  the  top  of  his  head  is  just  about  as 
high  as  the  top  of  a  flour-barrel. 

6.  His  eyes  are  large  and  round ;   his  nose  is 
much  wider  than  that  of  a  dog,  but  he  has  smaller 
ears  than  some  dogs,  and  they  stand  up  straight. 

7.  Upon  the  top  of  his  head,  and  along  the  top 
of  his  neck,  he  has  a  thick  bunch  of  long  hair, 
which  is  his  mane. 

8.  He  has  a  broad,  strong  back,  and  can  carry 
a  man  all  day  without  being  very  tired.     There  is- 


88 


LESSON     XXI.—  (Continued.) 


room  upon  his  back  for  two  persons,  and  some 
times  two  ride  at  a  time. 

9.  He  lias  long  legs,  so  that  his  head  is  about 
as  high  as  the  top  of  a  man's  hat. 

10.  He  is  covered  with  a  thick  coat  of  short 
hair,  and  this  keeps  him  warm,  except  in  very  cold 
weather,  when  he  needs  a  blanket. 

11.  Instead  of  claws,  he  has  hoofs,  hard  like 
bone,  so  that  it  does  not  hurt  him  when  he  trots 
or  runs  on  the  ground. 

12.  When  horses  work,  or  travel  over  a  hard 
road,  they  have  iron  shoes  nailed  to  their  hoofs,  so 
that  they  will  not  be  hurt  by  striking  the  stones. 

13.  The  hoofs  have  no  feeling  on  the  outside, 

and  it  does  not  hurt  the  horse 
to  have  these  shoes  nailed  on. 
They  grow  like  our  nails,  and 
must  be  pared  once  in  a  while. 
14.  The  horse  can  paw 
with  his  fore  feet,  and  kick 
with  his  hind  ones,  and,  when 
he  kicks  hard,  he  breaks 
things.  He  has  a  tail  covered 
with  long  hair,  and  this  he 
uses  as  a  switch  to  keep  off 
Full  Speed.  flies  in  summer. 


LESSON     XXII. 


89 


THE  HORSE  AND  ITS  FRIENDS. 


1.  IN   some   places  men  keep  |l  my      horses 
to  ride  wlien  they  go  out  to  hunt          foxes,  and 
these  horses  are  called  hunters. 

2.  Dogs  are  also  used  in  the  hunt,  and  the 
horses  and  dogs  are  so  much  together  that  they 
often  become  the  best  of  friends. 

3.  Once  old  "  Hector,"  a  dog,  had  such  a  liking 
for  his  friend  "  Ben,"  the  hunter,  that  he  would 
leave  his  own  bed  and  go  and  sleep  with  Ben  in 
the  stable 


6O  LESSON     XXII  .—  (Continued.) 


4.  In  the  morning  when  Hector  was  let  out, 
Ben  would  be  very  uneasy  until  lie  carne  back, 
and,  wlien  he  came,  the  horse  would  give  a  joyful 
neigh. 

5.  Ben  would  stoop  his  head,  and  Hector  would 
lick  it  all  over,  and  then  Ben  would  scratch  Hec- 
tor's back  with  his  teeth. 

6.  One  day  when  they  were  out  together  a  big 
dog  set  upon  Hector  and  threw  him  down,  and 
began  to  bite  and  tear  him. 

7.  Ben  saw  the  danger  his  friend  was  in,  and 
rushed  forward  to  help  him.      The  strange  dog 
felt  a  grip  in  the  back,  and  then  he  was  thrown 
so  far  that  he  was  glad  to  be  able  to  get  up  and 
limp  away.     He  never  tried  to  touch  Hector  again 
when  Ben  was  about. 

8.  Here  is  another  story  of  a  horse  and  his 
friends  :    A  poor  stray  kitten  found  its  way  into 
a  stable  and  made  its  home  there. 

9.  It  soon  made  friends  with  a  lame  chicken 
and  the  pony,   and  the  three  were  never  quite 
happy  except  when  together. 

10.  It  was  very  funny  to  see  the  kitten  and 
the  chicken  close  together  upon  the  pony's  broad 
back,  while  he  would  stand  very  still  so  as  not  to 
disturb  them. 


LESSON     XXIII. 


61 


'HOW  TEE  HORSE  EATS. 


1.  TO-DAY  we  wish  to  find  out  something  about 
a  horse's  mouth,  and  how  he  eats.     Can  you  tell 
us,  Charlie  ? 

2.  Yes !     I  have  looked  at  the  horse's  mouth, 
and  can  tell  about  his  teeth.     In  front,  on  each  jaw, 
he  has  six  teeth  with  sharp  edges.     These  cut  the 
grass  when  he  feeds  in  the  pasture. 

3.  Next  back  of  these  are  four  sharp  teeth,  one 
on  each  side  of  each  jaw,  and  these  are  sometimes 
called  tusks.     They  are  in  the  same  place  in  the 
jaw  as  the  long  teeth  of  the  dog,  and  with  them 
the  horse  can  tear  things. 


62  LESSON     XXIII.—  (Continued.) 


4.  Next  back  of  the  large  teeth  there  is  a  place 
where  there  are  no  teeth,  and  this  is  the  place 
where  the  bit  of  the  bridle  goes 
when  we  ride  the  horse  or  drive 
him  in  a  carriage. 

5.  Next  back  are  six  broad, 
flat  teeth,  on  each  side  of  each  jaw, 
and  with  these  the  horse  grinds 
his  food  before  he  swallows  it. 

6.  In   summer,  if    our  horses  have  not  much 
to  do,  we  turn  them  out  to  pasture,  where  they 
eat  grass.     In   winter   we   give   them   plenty  of 
hay  and  oats,  and,  when  they  work,  we  always 
feed  them  with  grain. 

7.  Horses  will  eat  grain  of  any  kind,  but  they 
seem  to  like  oats  best.     We  sometimes  feed  them 
with  corn-meal  instead  of  oats. 

8.  The  teeth  of  a  horse  change  in  looks  every 
year  until  he  is  eight  or  nine  years  old,  and  men 
who  are  used  to  horses  can  tell  how  old  they  are 
by  just  looking  at  their  teeth. 

9.  The  horse  does  not  lap   his   drink  like  a 
cat  and  dog,  but  he  puts  his  mouth  into  the  water 
and  swallows  whole  mouthfuls.      He  will  some- 
times drink  two  or  more  large  buckets  of  water  at 
a  time. 


LE  SSO  N     XXIV. 


63 


HOW  THE  PONY  GOT  SHOD. 


1.  "BILLY"   was   a  fine   pony,  brought  from 
Shetland   for   a   little  boy  to  ride   to  and  from 
school,  as  the  distance   was   too   great  to   walk. 
When  Billy  first  came  he  was  barefoot,  and  when 
he  began  his  daily  journeys  he  was  shod  for  the 
first  time. 

2.  The  blacksmith  who  put  on  the  shoes  lived 
quite  a  long  distance  from  Billy's  home,  and  the 
pony  had  never  been  over  the  road  but  on  the 
day  he  went  to  be  shod.     A  few  weeks  after,  the 


LESSON     XXIV  .—  (Continued.) 


blacksmith   saw   Billy,  without  halter  or  bridle, 

coming  up  the  road  toward  the  shop. 

3.  Thinking  the  pony  had  strayed  away,  the 

blacksmith  turned  him  round,  and  threw  stones  at 

him  to  make  him  go 
back  toward  home. 

4.  The  pony  trot- 
ted    off;     but     the 
blacksmith  had  only 
fairly    got    to    work 
again,  when  he  heard 
a  noise,  and,  looking 
up,  there  stood  Billy 
at  the  door. 

5.  This   time,  be- 
fore driving  him  away, 

the  blacksmith  took  a  look  at  his  feet,  and  found 
that  Billy  had  lost  a  shoe.  He  at  once  made  a 
new  one,  and  put  it  on,  and  then  waited  to  see 
what  Billy  would  do. 

6.  The  pony  looked  at  the  blacksmith  for  a 
moment,  as  if  asking  whether  he  was  done  ;  then 
he  pawed,  to  see  if  the  new  shoe  was  all  right, 
gave  a  neigh  for  a  "  thank  you,  sir,"  and  set  off 
for  home  on  a  brisk  trot.  His  master  knew  noth 
ing  about  the  matter  until  next  day. 


LESSON      XXV. 


66 


WHAT  THE  HORSE  DOES. 

1.  TO-DAY  we  are 
to  find  out  what  the 
horse    is    good   for. 
Charlie  will  tell  us 
whether  the  horse  is 
of   any  use    on   the 
farm. 

2.  We  could  not 
get     on    very    well 
without    horses    on 
the  farm.     They  are 
very  strong,  and  will 
do   a   great  deal  of 
work  that  a  man  can 
not  do. 

3.  They   carry   us   on  their  backs,  and  draw 
great   loads   that   half    a   dozen   men   could   not 
move. 

4.  With  them  we  plow  and  harrow  and  pre- 
pare the  ground  for  planting.     If  we  did  not  have 
horses,  or  other  animals  that  can  do  the  same  kind 
of  work,  a  man  could  only  plant  a  little  patch  that 
he  could  dig  up  with  a  spade. 

5.  They  draw  loads  of  grain  and  fruit  to  mar 


LESSON     XXV  .—  (Continued.) 


ket,  and  bring  back  what  is  needed  on  the  farm. 
They  draw  in  the  hay  in  summer  and  bring  up 
the  wood  in  winter.  They  take  to  market  the 
things  which  we  raise  on  the  farm,  and  bring  back 
the  goods  which  we  buy  at  the  store. 

6.  They  will  work  from  morning  till  night,  in 
all  kinds  of  weather,  and  are  ready  to  get  up  and 
be  off  whenever  they  are  needed. 

7.  When  they  have  a  heavy  load,  they  walk 
along  slowly ;  when  a  light  one,  they  trot  along 
quite  rapidly.     But  if  the  doctor  is  needed,  some- 
body jumps  on  the  back  of  a  horse,  and  off  he 
gallops  like  the  wind. 

8.  Then  we  harness  the  horses  to  a  light  wagon 
and  take  a  ride ;  sometimes  we  go  on  a  visit,  some- 
times to  mill,  sometimes  on  a  picnic,  and  on  Sun- 
days we  go  to  church. 

9.  In  the  winter,  when  snow  is  on  the  ground, 
horses  draw  sleighs  instead  of  wagons.    The  sleigh 
makes  but  little  noise  in  slipping  over  the  snow, 
and  a  string  of  bells  is  put  upon  the  horse  to  let 
people  know  that  the  sleigh  is  coming,  so  that  no 
one  need  be  run  over. 

10.  When  we  go  out  sleigh-riding,  all  wrapped 
up  in  blankets  and  robes,  the  horses  scud  along, 
the  bells  jingle,  and  we  have  a  gay  time. 


LESSON     XXVI. 


67 


WHAT  THE  HORSE  CAN  DO. 


The  Stage-Coach. 


1.  HOKSES,  when  they  do  not  work  too  hard, 
love  to  play  and  have  fun.     They  will  race  after 
each  other,  kick  up  their  heels,  and  have  a  merry 
time.     Here  are  two  stories  which  a  man  tells  of 
the  kind  of  fun  that  the  horse  seems  to  enjoy  : 

2.  "  One  of  our  horses,  '  Billy,'  used  to  give  us 
a  great  deal  of  trouble,  he  knew  so  much.     He 
had  found  out  how  to  untie  his  halter,  and  open 
the  stable-door,  and  so  would  get  out  when  the 


68  LESSON     X  X  V  I.—  (Continued.) 


door  was  not  locked.  One  day  Billy  came  out, 
and  found  little  Harry  in  the  yard.  He  did  not 
attempt  to  hurt  the  child,  but  drove  him  into  a 
corner,  and  kept  him  there  by  shaking  his  head 
whenever  the  little  fellow  tried  to  get  away. 

3.  "I  heard  Harry  cry,  and  led  Billy  away; 
but  he  gave  a  parting  shake  of  his  head  to  the 
boy,  as  much  as  to  say,  '  Next  time  I  will  look 
after  you  closer,' 

4.  "  Coming  home  one  evening,  I  heard  a  couple 
of  horses  running  and  frisking  about  in  the  farm- 
yard at  a  great  rate.     The  wall  was  high,  and  I 
could  only  see  their  heads,  and  once  in  a  while  a 
whisk  of  their  tails. 

5.  "  I  found  a  hole  to  look  through,  and  saw 
that  the  horses  were  amusing  themselves  by  chas- 
ing a  pig  around  the  yard. 

6.  "They  would  drive  it  into  a  corner,  and 
fling  their  heels  into  the  air  with  great  delight. 
They  would  not  give  the  poor  pig  a  moment's 
rest. 

7.  "They  would  rest  for  a  few  minutes,  and 
the  pig  would  settle  down  to  his  cabbage-leaf, 
when  they  would  rush  at  him  from  different  sides, 
so  that  he  had  not  the  least  idea  where  to  run  to 
get  away  from  them." 


LESSON     XXVII. 


69 


HOW  THE  HORSE  SHOULD  BE  TREATED. 


1.  WE  see,  from  what  Charlie  has  told  us,  how 
useful  the  horse  is.     We  now  would  like  to  have 
him  tell  us  how  we  should  take  care  of  horses. 

2.  I  will  do  so  by  telling  a  story.     Last  Satur- 
day Uncle  William  hitched  old  Major  and  Ben  to 
a  big  wagon,  and  took  a  load  of  boys  to  Oak  Hill, 
to  pick  berries  and  have  a  good  time. 

3.  I  tell  you  uncle  knows  what  boys  and  horses 
want,  if  anybody  does.    Pretty  soon  Bobby  Jones 
wanted  to  drive.     So  uncle  gave  him  the  reins. 

4.  Bobby  wanted  the  whip,  too ;   but  uncle 


7O  LESSON     XXVII.—  (Continued.) 


said  that  we  should  not  whip  the  horses,  as  they 
went  fast  enough.  He  carried  the  whip  just  to 
touch  them  up  when  there  was  any  danger. 

5.  Then  Bobby  began  to  jerk  the  reins ;  but 
uncle  showed  him  how  the  horses  would  move  one 
way  or  the  other  by  pulling  the  rein  a  little,  and 
he  told  Bobby  that  jerking  hurt  their  mouths. 

6.  When  we  went  down  Stony  Hill,  just  be- 
fore we  came  to  the  long  bridge,  uncle  took  the 
reins,  and  drove  slowly,  because,  he  said,  it  would 
make  the  horses  lame  to  drive  fast  down  hill. 

7.  As   we   were    crossing  the    bridge,   uncle 
jumped  out  to  see  what  was  the  matter  with  old 
Major,  who  was  limping  a  little,  and  he  found  one 
of  his  shoes  was  loose.     Uncle  pulled  the  shoe  off, 
and  threw  it  into  the  wagon,  and  then  walked  the 
horses  until  we  came  to  the  blacksmith's  shop,  on 
the  other  side  of  the  bridge. 

8.  Then  they  took  old  Major  into  the  shop, 
and  the  blacksmith  pared  the  hoof  and  set  the 
shoe.     In  nailing  on  the  shoe,  he  said  he  must  be 
careful  not  to  drive  the  nails  too  far  in  where  the 
hoof  was  tender,  or  it  would  make  the  horse  lame. 

9.  In  going  up  Oak  Hill,  uncle  would  stop  the 
horses  every  little  way  to  let  them  rest.     They 
would  pant  for  a  minute  or  two,  then  take  a  deep 


LESSON     XX  VI  I.—  (Continued.}  71 


breath  and  go  on.  There  was  a  cool  spring  close 
by,  where  we  stopped  to  go  into  the  berry-field,  and 
here  we  hitched  the  horses  in  the  shade. 

10.  They  were  very  warm  and   thirsty,  but 
uncle  would  not  give  them  any  water  until  they 
had  time  to  cool.     The  flies  were  awful,  but  our 
horses  switched  them  off  with  their  long  tails. 

11.  Near  by  was  a  little  bob-tailed  horse  turned 
out  to  pasture ;  and,  as  he  could  not  switch  off  the 
flies,  they  bit  him  so  he  could  hardly  get  time  to 
eat.     If  the  man  who  owned  that  horse  could  have 
the  flies  bite  him  so  for  a  few  days,  I  don't  think 
he  would  cut  off  the  tail  of  another  horse. 

12.  We  just  filled  our  baskets  with  berries,  and 
ate  our  dinner  under  the  shade  of  some  big  trees 
that  stood  by  the  spring.     Then  we  came  home. 

13.  Uncle's  horses  are  steady,  because  he  uses 
them  well.     He  never  jerks  them,  or  whips  them, 
or  yells  at  them.     When  he  goes  near  them  they 
rub  their  noses  against  him,  they  are  so  glad  to 
see  him. 

14.  In  winter  he  puts  blankets  on  them  when 
they  stand  still,  for  he  says  their  coats  are  not 
thick  enough  to  keep  them  warm.     Then  he  gives 
them  a  good  bed  of  dry,  clean  straw  to  lie  on,  and 
plenty  of  hay  and  grain  to  eat. 


A  ride,  and  what  came  of  it. 


LESSO  N    XXVIII. 


73 


HOW  THE  DONKEY  LOOKS. 

1.  ON  the  other  page  we 
see  a  boy  on  the  back  of   a 
donkey,  taking   a  ride.     The 
donkey  looks  kind  and  steady, 
but  look  below  and  see  what 
has  happened ! 

2.  We  will  call  upon  Har- 
ry to  tell  us  something  about 
the  donkey — how  he  looks,  and 
what  he  can  do. 

3.  The    donkey  is    much 
like    a   horse,    only    smaller. 

His  head  is  larger  and  more  clumsy  than  that  of 
the  horse,  and  his  ears  are  much  larger. 

4.  His  nose  is  blunter  than  that  of  a  horse,  and 
his   legs   are   shorter.      He   has   some   long   hair 
between  his  ears,  but  no  mane  on  his  neck.     His 
tail  is  long  and  slim,  with  long  hair  only  on  the 
end  of  it. 

5.  His  feet  have  hoofs  like  those  of  a  horse, 
but  they  are  smaller,  and  he  can  travel  in  many 
places  where  a  horse  can  not. 

G.  His  coat  is  longer  and  thicker  than  that  of 


Good   Morning. 


74 


LESSON     XXVIII  .—  (Continued: 


the  horse,  and  he  can  get  along  with  much  less 
care.  He  goes  along  with  his  head  hanging  down, 
as  if  it  was  too  heavy  for  him  to  hold  up,  and  he 
looks  very  awkward  beside  the  horse. 

7.  He  has  teeth  like  those  of  a  horse,  so  that 
we  can  put  a  bit  in  his  mouth  when  we  drive  him. 

8.  In     color,    most 
donkeys  are  brown,  or 
a  dirty  white,   with  a 
black  stripe   along  the 
back,  from  the  head  to 
the    tail,    and     also    a 
black  stripe  across  the 
shoulders. 

9.  When  the  horse 
neighs,  his  voice  is  very 
pleasant;  but  the  don- 
key's bray  is  loud  and 
harsh,    and     when     he 

opens  his  mouth  his  voice  is  heard  above  all  others. 
10.  I  read  the  story  of  a  man  riding  a  don- 
key in  the  West,  when  the  Indians  caught  him. 
As  they  were  about  to  carry  him  off,  the  donkey 
gave  an  awful  loud  bray,  which  scared  the  Indians, 
so  that  they  ran  away  and  left  the  man  to  go  on 
his  journey. 


LESSON     XXIX. 


WHAT  THE  DONKEY  DOES. 


1.  POOK,  old  donkey  !     In  some  countries  he  is 
made  to  do  all  kinds  of  hard  and  dirty  work,  and 
lie  is  driven  about  with  many  blows  and  kicks. 

2.  The  rag-man,  in  the  city,  picks  up  a  load 
for  him  out  of  the  gutters ;  and  the  tinker,  who 


76 


LESSON     XXIX  .—  (Continued.) 


goes  about  mending  old  pans  and  kettles,  loads 
him  down  with  heavy  tools. 

3.  There  are  people  that  have  no  homes,  but 
rove  about  and  drive  donkeys  in  queer  little  carts, 
and  camp  by  the  way-side,  and  sleep  out-of-doors. 

4.  For  them  a  donkey  is  better  than  a  horse, 
for  he  can  live  upon  coarse  food.     He  eats  thistles 
and  weeds  that  a  horse  will  not  touch  ;  and  he  will 
pick  up  enough  to  eat  where  a  horse  would  starve. 

5.  In   places   by  the    sea-side,  or  among   the 
mountains,  where  people  go  to  stay  in  hot  weather, 
donkeys  are  kept  for  ladies  and  children  to  ride. 

6.  In  the  morning,  long  rows  of  them  will  stand 
waiting  for  ladies  to  come  and  hire  them.     They 
are  so  kind  and  steady,  that  there  is  no  danger  to 
the  little  children  who  ride  them. 

7.  The  donkey  is  very  sure-footed,  and  will 
carry  his  rider  safely  over  steep  and  stony  places 
where  a  horse  can  not  go.    Poor,  old  donkey  !    He 
looks  stupid,  and  he  is  slow.     But,  when  treated 
kindly,  he  is  a  very  willing  and  faithful  servant. 


LESSON     XXX. 


77 


WHAT  THE  DOJVKEY  CAN  DO. 


1.  THE  donkey  is  not  as  stupid  as  lie  looks,  and 
he  lias  often  shown  that  lie  knows  what  he  is 
about,  and  that  he  is  able  to  take  care  of  himself. 

2.  In  the  picture  we  see  a  little  girl  with  a 
donkey  going  to  market,  and  as  Dick  is  always 
treated  kindly,  he  is  ready  to  do  all  he  can  for  her. 

3.  A  man  who  bought  a  donkey  for  his  chil- 
dren, tells  this  story  of  him :  "  I  did  not  allow  him 
to  be  pounded,  and  he  got  something  better  to  eat 


78  LESSONXXX  .—  (Continued.) 


than  thistles.  My  donkey  proved  to  be  no  fool ; 
but,  like  others,  who  have  more  wit  than  good 
manners,  he  was  forever  getting  into  mischief,  and 
leading  others  into  it. 

4.  "  He  could  open  all  the  gates,  and  climb  all 
the  fences ;  and  many  a  morning  he  woke  me  by 
braying  in  the  midst  of  my  field  of  wheat.     I  was 
obliged  to  sell  him,  as  he  knew  too  much  about 
doors   and    gates,    and   was   too   cunning   to    be 
kept." 

5.  A  man  once  set  his  bull-dog  to  attack  a 
donkey  that  was  grazing  near  the  river.     For  a 
while  the  donkey  kept  his  heels  toward  the  dog 
in  such  a  way  that  the  dog  could  not  get  at  him. 

6.  Watching  his  chance,  the  donkey  turned  and 
seized  the  dog  by  the  nape  of  his  neck,  so  that  he 
could  not  use  his  jaws,  then  dragged  him  to  the 
river,  plunged  him  in,  and  lay  down  upon  him,  keep- 
ing his  head  under  water  until  he  was  drowned. 


FIDDLE-DE-DEE, 
The  cat  was  at  tea, 
The  rabbit 
was  taking 

snuff, 

The  dog  and  the 
Were  dancing  a  jig, 
And  the  donkey 
put  on  a  lace 

ruff.  : 


Oxen  at  Work* 


LESSON     XXXI. 


81 


HOW  THE  COW  LOOKS. 


1.  AMONG    our  four-footed  friends    the   cow 
comes  next,  and  we  wish  to  find  out  something 
about  her.     Will,  do  you  think  you  can  help  us  ? 

2.  Yes  !     Since  we  began  these  lessons  I  have 
watched  our  cows,  and  have  found  out  some  things 
that  I  did  not  know  before. 

3.  The   cow  has  a  heavier  body  and  shorter 
legs  than  a  horse.     She  has  a  short  neck,  and  a 
long  tail,  with  a  bunch  of  coarse  hair  on  the  end 


82  LESSON     XXXI .—  (Continued.} 


of  it.  Her  head  is  larger  than  that  of  a  horse,  and 
her  nose  is  wider.  Her  ears  stand  out  on  each 
side  of  her  head,  and  above  tLem  she  has  a  pair  of 
horns  that  spread  out. 

4.  Her  hoof  is  not  round,  like  that  of  a  horse, 
but  is  split  into  two  parts,  and  is  called  a  cloven 
hoof.     She  has  a  thick  coat  of  coarse  hair,  which 
keeps   her   warm   in    all    but    the   very   coldest 
weather. 

5.  In  front,  the  cow  has  six  teeth  on  her  under 
jaw,  but  none  on  her  upper  jaw.     In  place  of  teeth 
is  a  ridge  hard  as  a  bone.     In  the  back  part  of  her 
mouth  she  has  six  broad,  flat  teeth  on  each  side 
of  each  jaw,  with  which  she  chews  her  food. 

6.  Cows   are   of  different   colors.      Some  are 
red,  some  are  black,  some  are  white,  and  some  are 
spotted  or   striped.     I  have  seen  one  kind  that 
looked  like  a  black  cow  with  a  white  blanket  on. 

7.  When  the  cow  eats  grass,  she  swallows  it 
without    chewing.     When   she   has   enough,  she 
stands  still  or  lies  down,  and  the  grass  comes  up 
into  her  mouth  in  little  balls,  and  these  she  chews 
fine  and  swallows  again. 

8.  The  ball  she  chews  is  called  a  "  cud,"  and 
she  will  chew  one  cud  after  another,  until  she  has 
chewed  up  all  the  grass  she  has  eaten. 


LESSON     XXXII, 


WHAT   CATTLE  DO. 


1.  THE  ox  is  very  strong,  and  can  do  work  like 
a  horse.     When  oxen  are  used,  two  are  put  to- 
gether with  a  wooden  yoke  on  their  necks. 

2.  Oxen  can  draw  large  loads,  and  can  work  a 
long  time  without  being  tired ;  but  they  are  so  slow 
that  they  are  not  used  much,  except  on  farms. 

3.  In  summer,  cattle  run  in  the  pasture  and 
live  upon  grass.     They  gnaw  it  off  close  to  the 
ground,  and  they  feed  most  of  the  day. 

4.  In  the  middle  of  the  day,  when  the  weather 


84  LESSON     XXX  I  I  .—  (Contin 


is  hot,  they  lie  down  in  the  shade,  or  stand  up  to 
their  knees  in  the  water,  to  keep  cool. 

5.  At  night  the  cows  are  driven  to  the  farm- 
yard  and   milked,  and  in  the  morning  they  are 
milked  again  and  driven  back  to  the  pasture. 

6.  In  winter,  cattle  are  kept  in  the  stable,  or  in 
the  farm-yard  where  there  is  a  shed  that  they  can 
go  into  when  it  storms  or  is  very  cold. 

7.  They  are  fed  with  hay ;  but  cows  that  give 
milk,  and  working-oxen,  are  fed  with  grain  also. 
Beets  and  turnips  are  sometimes  fed  to  cattle. 

8.  When  cattle  stand  in  the  shade  chewing 
their  cud,  there  is  no  other  animal  that  looks  so 
mild,  and  pleasant,  and  happy. 

9.  The  cow  is  very  fond  of  her  calf,  and  licks 
it  over  several  times  a  day.     If  anybody  hurts  the 
calf,  he  must  look  out  for  the  old  cow's  horns. 

10.  I  have  heard  of  a  little  lamb  that  had  lost 
its  mother,  and  was  put  into  a  lot  with  six  cows. 
After  a  time  he  was  taken  out  and  put  with  the 
other  sheep.      But  they  all  fought  him,   and  he 
was  sent  back  to  his  old  pasture. 

11.  The  cows  all  rushed  up  to  meet  him,  and 
he  ran  to  each  in  turn.     Then  one  cow  licked  him 
all  over,  and  he  was  passed  to  the  next,  and  so  on 
until  all  had  done  the  same  thing. 


LESSON     XXXIII. 


WHAT  CATTLE  ARE  GOOD  FOR. 


1.  CATTLE  do  not  hunt  rats  and  mice  like  the 
cat,  nor  watch  like  the  dog,  nor  do  we  ride  them 
as  we  do  a  horse  or  a  donkey ;  but  in  some  ways 
they  are  more  useful  to  us  than  any  of  the  others. 

2.  When  Johnny  sat  down  to   breakfast  this 
morning,  a  cow  gave  him  that  bowl  of  fresh,  rich 
milk,  which  he  ate  with  his  bread.    Then,  when  we 
drank  the  nice  cup  of  coffee  that  mamma  had  made, 
the  cow  gave  us  the  cream  which  we  put  into  it* 


86  LESSON     XXX  I  I  I.—  (Continued.} 


3.  When  the  dinner  was  put  up  for  school,  the 
cow   gave  the  cheese  and   the  butter   that   was 
spread  upon  the  bread.      In  the  nursery  rhyme 
"Little  Miss  Muffet  sat   on   a  tuffet,  eating  the 
curds  and  whey  "  which  the  old  cow  gave  her. 

4.  This  morning  Johnny's  hair  w^as  in  a  snarl, 
and  mamma  got  it  out  with  the  help  of  the  old 
cow,  who  gave  the  horn  to  make  the  comb. 

5.  When  we  go  out  in  wet  weather,  the  cow 
gives  her  hide  to  be  made  into  the  leather  out  of 
which  our  coarse  boots  are  made ;  and  the  calf 
gives  its  hide  for  our  fine  boots  and  shoes. 

6.  When  our  new  room  was  plastered,  a  little 
while  ago,  the  cow^  gave  the  hair  to  mix  with  the 
mortar,  so  that  the  plaster  would  stick  together 
and  stay  on  the  wall. 

7.  Before  we   get   our  chairs  and  tables,  the 
cow  takes  off   her  hoofs  and  gives  us  the  glue 
with  which  they  are  put  together      Then  Santa 
Claus  could  not  bring  Johnny  his  white-handled 
knife  till  the  old  cow  had  given  a  bone  for  the 
handle. 

8.  "Sleepy-head    goes  to   bed"  at  night,  and 
the  candle  he  carries  is  another  present  from  the 
old  cow.     The  flesh  of  grown  cattle  that  we  eat 
we  call  beef,  and  the  flesh  of  calves,  veal. 


LESSON     XXXIV. 


87 


HOW  THE  SHEEP  LOOKS  AND  LIVES. 


1.  WE  will  now  take  a  look  at  our  friend,  the 
sheep.      See  it  stand  there,  looking  so  kind,  and 
harmless,  and  innocent ! 

2.  The  sheep  is  much  smaller  than  a  cow,  and 
in  size  is  like  a  large  dog.    Its  nose  is  more  pointed, 
and  its  ears  are  smaller,  than  those  of  a  cow.     It 
has  small,  cloven  hoofs,  and  it  eats  grass  and  chews 
its  cud  in  the  same  way  that  a  cow  does. 

3.  Its  jaws  are  like  those  of  a  cow,  with  no 
teeth  in  its  upper  jaw  in  front,  and  with  broad, 
flat  chewing  teeth  back.    Like  a  cow,  it  feeds  upon 


88 


LESSON    XXXIV.— 


grass  in  the  summer,  and  upon  hay  and  grain  in 
the  winter. 

4.  The  rams  have  large  horns  that  twist  about 
in  a  very  curious  way.     Lambs  are  playful,  like 

kittens,  and  they  hop  and 
frisk  about,  and  they 
sometimes  have  great 
games  with  old  Ho- 
ver or  with  the  cat. 


5.    Sheep   are 
1  covered  with  a 


Head  of  Merino  Ram. 


thick  coat  of 
wool,  and  this 
f  '  keeps  them 
warm,  so  that  they 
•  can  live  out-of-doors 
f*  in  the  coldest  weather. 
In  summer  their  "  fleece  "  of 
wool  is  sheared  off.  The 
wool  is  made  into  cloth,  and  the  cloth  is  made 
up  into  clothes  for  folks  to  wear,  so  that  the  coat 
of  a  sheep  makes  the  coat  for  a  boy. 

6.  Besides  our  clothes  and  blankets,  the  sheep 
gives  us  fine,  thin  leather  to  bind  books  and  make 
gloves,  and  tallow  to  make  candles  and  soap.  The 
flesh  of  sheep,  which  we  eat,  is  called  mutton. 


LESSON     XXXV. 


89 


THE  WAYS  OF  THE  SHEEP. 


1.  SHEEP  appear  very  helpless,  but  when  they 
run  wild  they  know  how  to  take  care  of  them- 
selves very  well. 

2.  They  butt  with  their  heads,  and  the  large, 
old  rams  will  run  very  fast,  a,nd  strike  a  fearful 
blow. 


9O  LESSON     XXX  V  .—  (Continued.) 


3.  When  a  flock  of  wild  sheep  is  feeding,  one 
is  placed  at  some  distance  out  on  each  side,  to  keep 
watch. 

4.  If  an  enemy  is  seen,  the  guards  give  a  kind 
of  whistle,  and  the  whole  flock  scuds  away  to  the 
rocks  on  the  mountain 

5.  If  they  can  not  get  away,  they  place  the 
lambs  in  the  center  of  the  flock,  and  the  old  sheep 
face  outward,  the  biggest  rams  in  advance. 

6.  When  the  fox  or  the  dog  is  within  a  few 
yards,  the  rams  rush  at  him,  and  they  are  nearly 
always  successful  in  killing  or  driving  him  away. 

7.  The  ewe  has  so  strong  a  love  for  her  lamb, 
that  she  will  face  any  danger  to  protect  it. 

8.  One  day  a  shepherd  saw  a  fox  in  a  high, 
rocky  place,  trying  to  get  a  young  lamb  •  bnt  the 
old  ewe  kept  her  head  toward  the  fox,  and  gave 
him  no  chance. 

9.  At  last  the  fox  made  a  spring  and  seized  the 
lamb,  and  at  the  same  time  the  ewe  struck  him 
with  her  head,  and  they  all  went  over  the  rocks 
and  were  killed. 

10.  There  are  sheep   in   South  Africa  which 
have  tails  so  large  and  fat,  that  the  people  tie 
them   to   small  carts  so  that  the  sheep  can   get 
about.    The  fat  is  used  for  butter. 


LESSON    XXXVI, 


91 


ABOUT  GOATS. 


1.  In  many  ways  the  goat  is  like  the  sheep. 
It  is  about  the  same  -size,  and  lias  the  same  kind 
of  teeth  and  hoofs?  and  it  eats  -the  same  kind  of 
food.  It  has  a  thick  coat  of  hair.  Some  goats  have 
fine  hair  that  is  made  into  cloth  and  nice  Ixawls. 


LESSON     XXXVI.  -  (Continued.) 


i 


2.  All  the  goats  have  spreading,  sharp  horns, 
and  the  billy-goat  has  a  long  beard,  which  hangs 
down  almost  to  the  ground.     The  kids  are  play- 
ful, like  lambs,  but  they  are  shy,  and  do  not  like 
to  come  near  folks, 

3.  The  goat  is  more  active  than  the  sheep ;  it 

can  run  faster  and  jump 
higher,  and  it  climbs  rocks 
where  a  sheep  can  not  go. 

4.  The  billy-goat  is  apt 
to  be  cross,   and  then   he 
runs   and   butts    anything 
he  meets. 

5.  Like   the    cow,    the 
goat   gives    us   milk,    and 
butter,  and  cheese.    It  also 
gives  fine  leather  for  ladies' 
shoes     and     for     binding 
books,  and  the  kid   gives 

us  soft  leather  which  is  made  into  gloves. 

6.  Goats  do  not  live  in  large  flocks  like  sheep, 
but  they  go  about  three  or  four  together,  and  will 
pick  up  a  living  where  a  sheep  would  starve. 

7.  They  are  so.  sure-footed  that  they  will  climb 
up  the  sides  of  steep  rocks,   wherever  they   can 
find  a  place  to  put  their  little  pointed  hoofs. 


LESSON     XXXVII. 


93 


ABOUT  PIGS, 


1.  THE  hog  is  about  as  large  as  a  sheep,  but  its 
legs  are  shorter.     It  has  a  cloven  hoof,  but  it  does 
not  chew  a  cud  like  the  sheep. 

2.  It  has  a  long,  blunt  nose  called  a  snout,  and 
this  it  can  move  about  to  smell  something  to  eat. 
It  can  use  its  snout,  also,  to  root  up  the  ground 
for  seeds  and  other  food. 

3.  Its  ears  are  large  and  lop  over ;  and  it  has  a 
queer  little  curly  tail.     It  has  four  large  pointed 
teeth,  called  tusks,  and  with  these  it  can  inflict 
worse  wounds  than  a  dog. 


94  LESSON     XXXVII.—  (Continued.) 


4.  It  is  covered  with  coarse  hair  called  bristles. 
Brushes  of  nearly  all  kinds  are  made  of  the  bristles. 
The  hog  is  kept  warm  not  by  its  hair,  but  by  its 
fat,  which  lies  just  under  its  skin. 

5.  Swine  eat  almost  all  kinds  of  food,  and  they 
eat  a  great  deal  and  very  often.     When  feeding  at 
a  trough,  they  root  each  other  out  of  the  way,  and 
seem  in  a  great  hurry  to  get  all  they  can. 

6.  When  a  pig  is  caught,  or  is  hungry,  it  sets 
up  a  fearful  squeal,  which  is  worse  to  bear  than 
the  bray  of  a  donkey. 

7.  When  the  pig  runs  out  in  a  pasture,  it  roots 
up  the  ground  so  much  that  a  ring  is  put  through 
the  thick  edge  of  its  snout ;  then,  when  he  tries  to 
root,  the  ring  hurts  so  he  stops. 

8.  It  is  not  best  to  meddle  with   little  pigs, 
and  make  them  squeal,  when  the  old  sow  is  about, 
for  she  is  ready  to  fight  for  them  at  any  time. 

9.  The  flesh  of  swine  is  called  pork,  and  when 
salted  and  smoked  it  is  bacon. 


THE  LITTLE  PIGGIE   WIG 

THEEE  was  a  little  piggie  wig, 

So  fat  it  couldn't  run : 
With  eyes  that  twinkled  merrily., 

And  tail  that  curled  with  fun. 


This  piggie  had  a  little  trough, 

Which  was  always  filled  with  food, 

Bran  and  broth,  and  turnips  too, 
And  everything  that's  good. 


Its  little  bed  was  made  at  night 

Of  lovely  meadow  hay ; 
There,  covered  up  all  but  the  nose, 

It  snored  till  break  of 


THE    LITTLE    PIGGIE    WIG.—  (Continued.) 


With  sleeping  and  with  eating, 

The  piggie  grew  so  fat, 
That  at  last  it  couldn't  walk  or  run, 

So  on  the  straw  it  sat. 


At  length  it  grew  so  very  fat 
It  really  couldn't  see ; 

But  the  fatter,  still  the  jollier, 
And  so  it  laughed  "  He  !  he ! 


At  last,  one  day,  a  strange  man  came* 

Alas  for  piggie  then  ! 
For  all  at  once  it  went  away, 

And  was  never  seen  again.  - 


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